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Reference Library

Use the following links to access the PubMed references for the studies referenced within this site.

Labor Epidurals

SIGNIFICANTLY LESS MOTOR BLOCK

Aşik I, Göktuğ A, Gülay I, Alkiş N, Uysalel A. Comparison of bupivacaine 0.2% and ropivacaine 0.2% combined with fentanyl for epidural analgesia during labour. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2002;19:263-270.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12074415

Writer WDR, Stienstra R, Eddleston JM, et al. Neonatal outcome and mode of delivery after epidural analgesia for labour with ropivacaine and bupivacaine: a prospective meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 1998;81:713-717.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10193281

HIGHER PROPORTION OF SPONTANEOUS DELIVERIES

NAROPIN^® Prescribing Information. Data on file.
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SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER INSTRUMENTED DELIVERIES

NAROPIN Prescribing Information. Data on file.
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Peripheral Nerve Blocks

FASTER RETURN OF MOTOR FUNCTION: LOWER BODY

Morrison LM, Emanuelsson BM, McClure JH, et al. Efficacy and kinetics of extradural ropivacaine: comparison with bupivacaine. Br J Anaesth. 1994;72:164-169.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8110567

FASTER RETURN OF MOTOR FUNCTION: UPPER BODY

McGlade DP, Kalpokas MV, Mooney PH, et al. A comparison of 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for axillary brachial plexus anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1998;26:515-520.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9807606

FASTER RETURN OF MOTOR FUNCTION: C-SECTIONS

Datta S, Camann W, Bader A, VanderBurgh L. Clinical effects and maternal and fetal plasma concentrations of epidural ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for cesarean section. Anesthesiology. 1995;82:1346-1352.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7793647

Griffin RP, Reynolds F. Extradural anaesthesia for caesarean section: a double-blind comparison of 0.5% ropivacaine with 0.5% bupivacaine. Br J Anaesth. 1995;74:512-516.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7772423

Crosby E, Sandler A, Finucane B, et al. Comparison of epidural anaesthesia with ropivacaine 0.5% and bupivacaine 0.5% for caesarian section. Can J Anaesth. 1998;45:1066-1071.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10021954

Effective Analgesia

SIMILAR ONSET AND DURATION, AND EFFECTIVE SENSORY BLOCK

Beaulieu P, Babin D, Hemmerling T. The pharmacodynamics of ropivacaine and bupivicaine in combined sciatic and femoral nerve blocks for total knee arthroplasty. Anesth Analg. 2006;103:768-774.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16931694

Hickey R, Hoffman J, Ramamurthy S. A comparison of ropivacaine 0.5% and bupivacaine 0.5% for brachial plexus block. Anesthesiology. 1991;74:639-642.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2008942

SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN THE NEED FOR OPIOIDS

NAROPIN Prescribing Information. Data on file.
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Bertini L, Tageriello V, Mancini S, et al. 0.75% and 0.5% ropivacaine for axillary brachial plexus block: a clinical comparison with 0.5% bupivacaine. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1999;24:514-518.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588554

Chelly JE, Casati A, Al-Samsam T, Coupe K, Criswell A, Tucker J. Continuous lumbar plexus block for acute postoperative pain management after open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2003;17:362-367.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12759641

SIGNIFICANTLY MORE PATIENTS WERE SATISFIED WITH ANALGESIC EFFICACY

Rawal N, Allvin R, Axelsson K, et al. Patient-controlled regional analgesia (PCRA) at home: Controlled comparison between bupivacaine and ropivacaine brachial plexus analgesia. Anesthesiology. 2002;96:
1290-1296.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12170038

ADEQUATE AND EQUIVALENT SENSORY ANESTHESIA

Safety & Tolerability

SIGNIFICANTLY BETTER CARDIOVASCULAR AND CNS PROFILE

Scott DB, Lee A, Fagan D, Bowler GMR, Bloomfield P, Lundh R. Acute toxicity of ropivacaine compared with that of bupivacaine. Anesth Analg. 1989;69:563-569.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2679230

Knudsen K, Beckman SM, Blomberg S, Sjövall J, Edvardsson N. Central nervous and cardiovascular effects of i.v. infusions of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and placebo in volunteers. Br J Anaesth. 1997;78:507-514.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9175963

SIGNIFICANTLY FEWER CARDIOVASCULAR SIDE EFFECTS

LOWER RISK OF SYSTEMIC TOXICITY THAN BUPIVACAINE

Lee A, Fagan D, Lamont M, Tucker GT, Halldin M, Scott DB. Disposition kinetics of ropivacaine in humans. Anesth Analg. 1989;69:736-738.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2589653

Albright GA. Cardiac arrest following regional anesthesia with etidocaine or bupivacaine. Anesthesiology. 1979;51:285-287.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/484889

MORE FAVORABLE PREGNANCY CATEGORY B

NAROPIN Prescribing Information. Data on file.
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Sensorcaine [package insert]. Schaumburg, IL: APP Pharmaceuticals, LLC; 2009.
http://www.drugs.com/pro/sensorcaine.html

Pharmacologic Profile

Bertini L, Tageriello V, Mancini S, et al. 0.75% and 0.5% ropivacaine for axillary brachial plexus block: A clinical comparison with 0.5% bupivacaine. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 1999;24:514-518.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588554

Hansen TG. Ropivacaine: a pharmacological review. Expert Rev Neurother. 2004;4:781-791.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15853505

McGlade DP, Kalpokas MV, Mooney PH, Chamley D, Mark AH, Torda TA. A comparison of 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for axillary brachial plexus anaesthesia. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1998;26:515-520.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9807606

Zaric D, Nydahl P-A, Phillipson L, Samuelsson L, Heierson A, Axelsson K. The effect of continuous lumbar epidural infusion of ropivacaine (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%) and 0.25% bupivacaine on sensory and motor block in volunteers: a double-blind study. Reg Anesth. 1996;21:14-25.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8826020

NAROPIN is indicated for the production of local or regional anesthesia for surgery and for acute pain management.